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Applied Mathematics |Прикладная математика

LESSON 10

Read the text: SEVERE-WEATHER EXPERIMENT PUTS LEADING-EDGE NUMERICAL MODEL TECHNOLOGY TO THE TEST

 The researchers NOAA scientists, faculty members and graduate students from the University of Oklahoma, and weather forecasters from around the world gather to determine whether severe storms can be predicted with numerical models and, if so, how those models can be implemented to help weather forecasters.

Probabilistic Guidance "The real notion of this is how to do warning based on numerical models," Steve Weiss explains. "Right now, warning is based on radar: ‘I think I see a tornado.' What we're talking about is getting numerical model technology to the point where, maybe one to two hours ahead of time, we can predict when a storm might produce a tornado and based on that forecast provide a warning." Current operational weather forecasts for North America are based on a grid with a horizontal resolution of approximately 12 kilometers, while the highest-resolution ensemble forecasts produced by NCEP use an average resolution of 40 kilometers. Only the net effect of thunderstorms can be represented at those resolutions, says Ming Xue, current director of CAPS and leader of the day-to-day activities for the Hazardous Weather Testbed's forecasts and experiments.

T-Storms on the TeraGrid The kind of modeling used to achieve the predictions Xue and Droegemeier describe requires a lot of computing power Droegemeier notes that simply halving the spacing of the 3D grid leads to a 16-fold increase in computing time. Hence the involvement of PSC.PSC has made its piece of the National Science Foundation TeraGrid available for the spring experiment, which Droegemeier views as precisely the type of research envisioned by NSF for the TeraGrid: "They want these so-called grand challenge or hero applications that really push computing to its limits."The collaboration between the spring experiment and PSC is made possible in part by a LambdaRail link between the two centers, set up during the 2007 experiment. LambdaRail, network infrastructure de-signed to connect the U.S. research community, allows the spring experiment to swap data with PSC. In particular, it allows for the transfer of high-frequency full-volume 3D data sets to the University of Oklahoma.

Ever since the first release of GelCompar in 1991, Applied Maths has produced state-of-the-art software for the analysis and comparison of electrophoresis patterns. Along with the success and expansion of electrophoresis techniques in various application fields, GelCompar II has been continuously updated and extended to be compatible with the latest developments and the ever growing amounts of information. The relational database concept in GelCompar II makes it possible to link multiple electrophoresis fingerprints to the strains or samples studied, and generate multiphasic groupings and identifications with databases of unlimited size.

GelCompar II offers an impressive list of unique advanced features, including phylogenetic and dimensioning algorithms, group verification methods, database quality control techniques, GLP and database protection tools, history recording, ODBC and SQL compatibility, database sharing tools, client-server database exchange over Internet, just to name a few. With more than 1,500 units sold in the most prestigious research institutes worldwide and being used in numerous international epidemiological typing and surveillance networks, GelCompar II proudly bears the gold standard for the analysis of electrophoresis patterns and other fingerprinting techniques.

1. Match the left part with the right:

2. Complete the sentences with the suggested words: applications, community, collaboration, Centers, infrastructure

    They want these so-called grand challenge or hero _____________that really push computing to its limits."The______________ between the spring experiment and PSC is made possible in part by a LambdaRail link between the two___________, set up during the 2007 experiment. LambdaRail, network _____________de-signed to connect the U.S. research_______________, allows the spring experiment to swap data with PSC.